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油价低位波动,2023年将如何开篇?

Vantage 更新 Updated Thu, 2023 January 19 08:42

从去年12月份开始,原油就陷入了区间震荡的怪圈,始终无法走出趋势方向。2022年初开始的俄罗斯和乌克兰局势引爆油价后,再进入2023年,原油可谓先扬后抑。现在影响原油的各种因素发生了怎样的变化?

从地缘形势来看,俄乌之间仍存在冲突,欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉冯德莱恩1月17日也表示,对俄罗斯的第10轮制裁即将到来。去年年底,G7宣布了对俄罗斯原油的价格上限计划。俄罗斯原油只有不高于每桶60美元才能获得配套的保险和金融服务,这样才能继续进口到G7成员国。

俄罗斯还颁布了特别措施法令,规定如果在合同中直接或间接采用其他国家制定的价格上限机制,则禁止根据合同向外国法人和自然人出口俄罗斯石油和石油产品。目前,俄罗斯原油的最大买家是印度。截至2022年12月,印度已连续三个月成为俄罗斯原油最大进口国,每天进口约117万桶石油,创下历史纪录。然而,如果欧盟对购买俄罗斯石油的国家施加额外限制,或者俄罗斯石油价格超过每桶60美元,印度当局可能会减少从俄罗斯进口石油的数量。

俄罗斯目前约占世界石油产能的10%,其官员多次表示,俄罗斯不会向任何实行限价机制的国家出售石油。如果俄罗斯坚持这一立场,可能会被迫减产。行业数据显示,今年4月,俄罗斯石油产能约为1005万桶/日,低于2月份的1108万桶/日。因此,如果限价令继续执行,油价有望继续得到支撑。

从需求端来看,自去年12月中国疫情政策开放以来,中国和国外的旅游业达到了高峰。数据显示,1月8日,中国出入境机票销量同比猛增628%。旅行需求的激增,加上北半球进入了最冷的季节,预计将继续推动油价上涨。

总的来说,短期内油价继续破低的概率不大。石油输出国组织的第一次会议将于今年2月初举行。目前市场认为,石油输出国组织将拭目以待,看看将于2月5日生效的欧盟对俄罗斯石油产品的进口禁运会在多大程度上扰乱市场,然后做出任何改变集体石油产量目标的决定。石油输出国组织秘书长表示,他们决心“不惜一切代价”在2023年保持石油市场的平衡。如果经济衰退进一步拖累油价,石油输出国组织可能会采取行动捍卫每桶80美元的底线。

2023年01月19日 许曦扬

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