Important Information

You are visiting the international Vantage Markets website, distinct from the website operated by Vantage Global Prime LLP
( www.vantagemarkets.co.uk ) which is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA").

This website is managed by Vantage Markets' international entities, and it's important to emphasise that they are not subject to regulation by the FCA in the UK. Therefore, you must understand that you will not have the FCA’s protection when investing through this website – for example:

  • You will not be guaranteed Negative Balance Protection
  • You will not be protected by FCA’s leverage restrictions
  • You will not have the right to settle disputes via the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS)
  • You will not be protected by Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS)
  • Any monies deposited will not be afforded the protection required under the FCA Client Assets Sourcebook. The level of protection for your funds will be determined by the regulations of the relevant local regulator.

If you would like to proceed and visit this website, you acknowledge and confirm the following:

  • 1.The website is owned by Vantage Markets' international entities and not by Vantage Global Prime LLP, which is regulated by the FCA.
  • 2.Vantage Global Limited, or any of the Vantage Markets international entities, are neither based in the UK nor licensed by the FCA.
  • 3.You are accessing the website at your own initiative and have not been solicited by Vantage Global Limited in any way.
  • 4.Investing through this website does not grant you the protections provided by the FCA.
  • 5.Should you choose to invest through this website or with any of the international Vantage Markets entities, you will be subject to the rules and regulations of the relevant international regulatory authorities, not the FCA.

Vantage wants to make it clear that we are duly licensed and authorised to offer the services and financial derivative products listed on our website. Individuals accessing this website and registering a trading account do so entirely of their own volition and without prior solicitation.

By confirming your decision to proceed with entering the website, you hereby affirm that this decision was solely initiated by you, and no solicitation has been made by any Vantage entity.

I confirm my intention to proceed and enter this website Please direct me to the website operated by Vantage Global Prime LLP, regulated by the FCA in the United Kingdom

By providing your email and proceeding to create an account on this website, you acknowledge that you will be opening an account with Vantage Global Limited, regulated by the Vanuatu Financial Services Commission (VFSC), and not the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA).

    Please tick all to proceed

  • Please tick the checkbox to proceed
  • Please tick the checkbox to proceed
Proceed Please direct me to website operated by Vantage Global Prime LLP, regulated by the FCA in the United Kingdom.

×

您对指数选择做多还是做空?

立即进行指数交易 >
View More
SEARCH
  • 全部
    交易
    平台
    教育
    分析
    促销活动
    关于
  • Search
Keywords
  • 外汇
  • Vantage Rewards
  • 交易费用
  • facebook
  • instagram
  • twitter
  • linkedin
  • youtube
  • tiktok
  • spotify

盘点央行三大法宝,紧缩政策下股市何去何从?

Vantage 更新 Updated Thu, 2023 February 2 07:03

北京时间2月2日凌晨,2023年决议首次亮相,美联储如期加息25个基点。美联储主席鲍威尔讲话后,美元大幅下挫。周四欧洲央行和英国央行也将公布最新的利率决议。这一次,两家央行预计都将加息50个基点。那么央行在收紧货币政策时通常会采取什么措施呢?

首先是减少购债(TAPER)。简单来说,通过降低每月的资产购买金额,市场流量在增加,但增加的幅度在降低。央行通过长时期减少债券购买,逐渐摆脱通货膨胀的束缚。目的是让经济慢慢摆脱购买提供的额外刺激,以避免暴跌。正常情况下,美联储的紧缩政策会按照这种模式进行:QE – TAPER-加息-缩表。

当经济低迷时,美联储一般会通过购买政府债券(QE)向市场投放流动性,以刺激经济复苏。当经济恢复正常后,如果继续购买国债,可能会造成流动性泛滥,造成通货膨胀或经济过热。当预测到某个时点可能出现流动性过剩时,就需要提前开始缩减购债规模。

早在2021年12月15日,美联储宣布,考虑到通货膨胀的发展和劳动力市场的改善,决定从2022年1月开始扩大资产购买规模,从150亿美元增加一倍至300亿美元,并每月减少购买200亿美元美国国债和100亿美元机构抵押贷款支持证券。如果美国经济前景发生变化,美联储也将准备调整资产购买的步伐。

第二大法宝是大家最熟悉的——加息。所谓加息,就是直接提高短期利率。以美联储为例,目前其加息的目的主要是应对其面临的高通胀。自去年以来,高通胀一直是美联储的一大担忧。

加息会增加存款,减少贷款,从而减少市场上的货币供应量,所以可以在一定程度上抑制通货膨胀。同时,加息会增加投资成本,增加贷款投资支付的利息,迫使企业尽力降低成本,因此会减少支出,进一步减少市场上流通的货币量,从而起到抑制通货膨胀的作用。

2022年,在美联储7次加息、累计加息幅度达到425个基点的节奏下,2022年12月美国PCE和核心PCE的年率已经较去年最高点分别下降了26%和18%。美联储也终于承认通胀有放缓迹象,并表示将继续根据通胀表现制定政策。

美国2022年核心PCE年率整体下行

最后一种方法是缩表。缩表是收缩资产负债表的一种方式。美联储缩表是为了赎回它多印的美元。其一般主要操作是出售资产(国债或MBS)并从市场上回收美元,以达到减少资产负债的目的。一般来说,美联储缩表是比加息回收流动性更严厉的紧缩政策。

美国东部时间2022年5月4日下午,美联储决定加息50个基点。与此同时,它还宣布将从6月份的9万亿美元资产负债表开始,启动每月减少475亿美元资产负债表的计划,然后在3个月后每月减少950亿美元。从2021年12月缩减购债到2022年6月缩表,美联储两次紧缩政策对新兴市场股市的负面影响也很明显。富时A50指数分别在2021年12月和2022年6月建立了两个相对阶段性高点。如果美联储的紧缩政策在2023年进入放缓阶段,新兴市场股市可能会迎来希望的曙光。

紧缩政策下,A50指数于2021年12月和2022年6月形成两大阶段性高点

2023年02月02日 许曦扬

最新的相关性